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Part 4 of 5

A Good System Still Works on a Bad Day

Meera's library app has a very bad term: a dead server, a lost zone, a runaway retry storm, a deleted table and a stolen reservation. Each disaster introduces one idea: SLIs/SLOs, redundancy and failover, circuit breakers and rate limiting, authentication vs authorization, OAuth/OIDC, and recovery targets. Guide 4 of 5.

Created 2026-09-15 · Updated 2026-10-15 · System Design

Part 4 of 15

ATM Design: When Software Must Agree with a Physical Machine

A monsoon power flicker hits a village ATM just as ₹10,000 slides out. How do you design a withdrawal that survives a network failure between the bank's authorization and the machine dispensing cash, when cash can never be rolled back?

Created 2026-09-16 · Updated 2026-10-15 · System Design

Ultra-Resilient Architecture: Keeping a Service Useful When Parts Fail

Three zones don't help if they all depend on one shared database. Quorums, static stability, multi-region trade-offs, and why replication isn't a backup.

Created 2026-09-21 · Updated 2026-10-15 · System Design

Part 8 of 28

Kafka and Messaging Reliability: One Diwali Night in Ravi's Sorting Office

Follow one night in a busy sorting office to learn how Kafka stores and replicates messages, what acks and ISR really guarantee, delivery semantics, rebalancing, lag, poison pills, dead-letter queues, and retries with backoff and jitter.

Created 2026-09-29 · Updated 2026-10-15 · System Design

Part 27 of 28

AI Security, Reliability, and Cost Control: Prompt Injection, Failover, and Budgets

Defending LLM applications against prompt injection and token exhaustion, keeping them up with provider failover, circuit breakers and graceful degradation, and keeping the bill predictable with budgets, routing, and caching.

Created 2026-09-29 · Updated 2026-10-15 · AI Solutions Architecture & AI Engineering

API Monitoring: Proving the Library Can Still Reserve a Book

A health check that passes while nobody can reserve a book: how to monitor API outcomes with synthetic journeys and real-request telemetry, keep test traffic safe, turn failures into actionable alerts, and defend the cost, privacy and recovery decisions in an interview.

Created 2026-10-17 · Updated 2026-10-17 · System Design